Nozzle for elastio-fluid turbines



PATENTED MAR. 6,

. R. H. RICE.

NOZZLE FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.

API LIGATION FILED NOV.19, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 GGGGUGGUG I (JG-(ISSUES Inventor Richard H. Rice 5y WW4o tt Witnesse N0.s14,477. v I PATE-NTED MAR.6,1906. R. H. RICE.

NOZZLE FOR ELASTIC FLUID -TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.19. 1904.

2 SHEETSSHBET 2.

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NOZZLE FQR ELASTlC-"FLUlD TURBlNES.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed November l9.zraitenteu Maren 6, 1906.

,1904. Serial No. 233,467.

To all whom 7'1 11w 7 non/norm.

Be it known that l, RICHARD citizen of the United States, residing atSwnmpscott, county of Essex, State of Mitscliusetts, have inventedcertain new and useful improvements in Nozzles i 01 Elastic-- Fluid'lurhines, of which the following .is a specification.

H. Rich, 1,

The present invention has for its ob ect: to

improve the c nistruction oi nozzles for elzis tic-lluid turbines andalso to so err-mi e those parts which convert the pressure of the motivcfluid into velocity and discharge it zigainstthe buckets that they canbe readily removed in case of wear or injury and new ones substituted.

A further object ol my invention is to provide menus for directing theiluid particles in their pnssnge through the nozzle ntssnge or passagesin such it wary that they will be ofl'cctivelv dischiu 'cd a ainst thebuckets.

lo the ncconipnn 'ing iii-swings, which illustrntc. one cmlnnlinient ofmy inventioi'i, Figure 1 is it view in elevation of a sectionalizednozzle looking into the bowls. Fig. 2 is a view zit right ni'iglcs tothat shown in Fig. 1 nith ccrinin ol the ports broken away, which. showthe projections for supporting the detnchnhlc nozzles zit variouspoints, the section being tnkcn on line 2 .1 of Fig. Fig. 3 it sectionalview to ken on line 3 a ct t ig. t nnd. looking in the direction of thenrrow. Fig. l is n sectional view taken on line i 4 ol Fig. l looking inthe direction ol the arrow. Fig. 5 is u sectional view showing o nozzlewith partitions for direcing passage of the lluid particles; and Fig. 6is another view of the some, showing the expansion of the side wnlls 1represents the casing, and z. n wheel mounted therein having buckets ofen suitnblc form. The casing is cut away at some point adjacent to thewheel-buckets to receive the nozzle-plate The is providcd with one ormos: orifices, depending upon the number o't' individual nozzles it hasto support. The plate is divided in ii plane passing through the centerof nozzle-receiving orifices, so that the nozzles may be rendily slippedinto place. to the wheel the plots provided with projection 4, havingthe some general curvature us that of the wheel. This projection isarranged to engage with the sides of the dist t t (in the side adjacentl l l l l l i g: t

t t t t l t l t t l l charge portion of the nozzle or nozzles and holdit or them in place. The arrangement of the parts for supporting thedischargiportion of the nozzles is best shown in 2 and The parts of thenozzle-plate are secured by means of radially-extending bolts 5. T heplate iiS a whole is secured to the casing or bolts 6. Surroundin thenozzlcdate is it valve-chest T of any suitable construction. The nozzlesmaybe used as admission-nozzles or as nozzles between stages. case itwould not ordinarily be necessary to provide ttVttlVG-0h6Sh 7 but it canbe pro vided, if desired.

'l he nozzles are similar in'construction and are alike in form and sngle of discharge. Each nozzle is provided with o ('lischarge por- .,ion8, which may be expanding or non-(2X- pending in character. A suitablethroat is also provided between the discharge portion and the bowl 9.The latter should be of substantial size and well rounded. The bowl isprovided with n flange 10, that is seated in a circular groove ordepression in the parts of the nozzle-plate. 'lhe flange constitutes ameans for securing the nozzles in place and also a means for insuring astezun-tight joint. The wall of the nozzle-plate adjacent to thetiring-e preferably overhangs to a slight extent, and the metal ot'whiehthe flange is composed is crowded under the said. overhanging wall in amanner well ui'ulerstood. Various other arrangements may be cmpl yed forsecuring the nozzles in place. without. departing from my invention. Thedischarge end of each nozzle is also provided with. a hinge l l, whichmay he secured to the projection on the nozzle-plate in the iminnerdescribed in connection with the (hinge ll). lit will thus be seen thateach nozzle or, more strictly, ezich nozzle-scction is providcdwith twoflanges, one at each end, with the support therefor located betweenthem. Hence the nozzles can be readily chunped in place and yet areeasily removed in case it is desired to replace them either with newnozzles of the some form and angle of delivery or with new nozzleshaving a slightly-dill'erent form and angle of delivery or nozzleshaving a diil'crent ratio of expansion between the throat. and thedischarge end.

The nozzles may be constructed in any suitable manner. I have found thatsh In the latter' metal nozzles are satisfactory for the purpose, andthese may be formed in a number of diiferent ways. Preferably eachnozzle is made of some sort of homogeneous metal which is capable ofreceivinga smooth finish, since the smoother the surfaces are which arepresented to the steam the more eificient will e the action thereof.

Referring to Fig. 5, I have shown an arrangement which is desirable fornozzles handlin largevolumes of steam or other elastic It has been foundby experience that Where largehozzle-passages are provided the rticlesof the steam do not always flow in parallel lanes and that owing to thisfact they tens to cause eddies, and thus decrease the effective actionof the nozzle. Again, the bucket-spaces are not always completelyfilled. To overcome this, I provide thin partitions or laminations,which are located within each of the nozzle-passages and, ex-

tending from the-throat to the discharge end and at every point, areparallel with each other and with two'walls of the nozzle. I "may useone or more of the partitions in each nozzle-passage, as desired, thenumber varying somewhat, depending upon the capacity of the nozzle. '12represents the bowl of the nozzle, 13 the throat, and14 the dischargeportion. It is to be noted that the upper and lower Walls of the nozzlefrom the throat 13,190 the discharge end are parallel and that the thinmetal partitions 15, located within the discharge portion, are alsoparallel to each other and to the upper and lower walls. With'such aconstruction the particles of steam or other elastic fluid will bedirected along parallel planes, and the tendency to eddies and otherdisturbances will be reduced to a minimum. I may use these partitions 1nconnection with sheet-metal nozzles of the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4,inclusive, or I may use them in connection with-fcast-metal nozzles ornozzles otherwise formed. In these cases the partitions can be'supportedin lonltu'dmal grooves formzd, the side walls or )y other suitable meanSince it is importa t to direct the steam through the nozzles'in'parallel planes, the expansion mustta. e place at,ri ht angles tothe plane of the partition in order to obtain the, most satisfactoryresults. In Fig. 6 the throat of the nozzle iS' Subst'antially square,and fromthis point to the discharge end the walls 16 and 17 raduallydiverge. To state the matter in a different way, the expansion in thiscase takes lace in a radial rather than a oircumi'erentiaF direction. InFig. 5 is shown the separately-actuated valves 18 for controlling thepassage of fluid to the sections or passages of the sectionalizednozzle. These valves are so constructed and arranged "that 'they arefully open or closed, so as not to throttle the admission of fluid tothe nozzle-sections. Leading from the valve to the sigma bowl of eachsection is a passage 1.9 or conveymg motive fluid. These passages may beformed in separate or in a common structure.

The valves may be operated electrically by mechanical means, byhydraulic or other fluid-pressure, or by other means.

I am aware oi the patent to John T. Fanning, No. 123,388, dated February6, 1872 wherein a gate for a hydraulic turbine is shown havingrelatively thick partitions and a valve cooperating therewith to cut onesection out after the other. In other words, the obj ect of the patentis to change the flow of water; but in doing so a throttling action ofeach section takes place. My improved construc tion differs from this inthat it relates to elas tic-fluid turbines, and the partitions serveonly to direct the fluid particles asdistinguished from partitions whichcooperate with and form a seat for a valve to regulate the supply offluid. Again, my improved construction comprises a bowl for eachpassage, 7

by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the combination of one ormore separatelyformed nozzles having enlarged bowls, a nozzle-platehaving a number of orifices corresponding to the number of nozzles eachorifice receiving a bowl, and a means for securing each of the nozzlesto the plate.

2. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the combination 'of one ormore separatelyforined nozzles, each nozzle having a bowl and adischarge portion, a nozzle-plate which is provided with as manyorifices as there are nozzles each orifice receiving a bowl, and pro-]Cl31OI1S or walls that enga e the discharge portion of the nozzle ornozz es.

3. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the combination of anozzle-plate containing one or more orifices, one or more sheet-metalnozzles, each having a discharge portion, and an enlarged flanged bowl,the flange on the bowl or bowls engaging with the plate and acting j asa securing means for the nozzle or nozzles. 4. In anozzle forelastic-fluid turbines, the combination of one or more separatelyformednozzles, a divided plate which receives the nozzle or nozzles, and meansfor uniting the parts of the plate.

5. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the

combination of a plate having one or more orifices, which is divided ina plane passing through the center of the orifices, nozzlescorresponding in number to the orifices, each nozzle bein provided witha bowl which its into an or' ce and a discharge portion, and means forclam ing the parts of the plate around each of t e bowls.

6. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combinat tion of a bucket-wheel, acasing therefor having an opening to receive the nozzle or nozzles,oneor more so arately-formed nozzles, a divided nozzle-p ate whichreceives the nozzles and supports them at the bowl and also at thedischarge ort'ion, and means for uniting the parts of t e nozzle-plateandfor securing the plate to the casing.

7. In a nozzle for elastic-fluid turbines, the combination of side wallstherefor, other walls whichse arate the space between the char e portionhaving plane walls two of whic iai'e parallel, in combination with aplurality of partitions located in the discharge portion and extendingfrom the throat to the end of the nozzle to form individual expandingpassages common to the bowl, said partitions being parallel to theparallel walls of the discharge portion and to each other.

9. A sectionalized nozzle for an elasticiluid turbine, comprising aplurality of 11oz zle-passages which are alike in form and ail-- gle ofdelivery, each passage havin r two parallel walls and two diverging wals, a bowl and throat for each nozzle, and partitions in each passagewhich are parallel with said parallel walls.

10. In combination, a nozzle having outwardly-extending end flanges witha divided supporting-plate which engages the nozzle and also both of theflanges.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 17 th day ofNovember, 1904.

l RICHARD ll. RICE.

Witnessesz" DUGALI) McK. McKuiLor.

